Norway’s $2.3tn sovereign wealth fund, the world’s largest, recorded a $30bn investment loss in the third quarter as rising interest rates triggered a sharp decline in bond valuations, according to a report by CNBC.

Norges Bank Investment Management (NBIM), which oversees the fund, reported a loss of 278bn kroner ($29.7bn) for the three months to September, with its fixed income portfolio returning -3.5% amid a global government bond selloff.

The downturn followed a surge in sovereign bond yields as major central banks, including the US Federal Reserve, raised interest rates in response to persistent inflation, while concerns over government borrowing added pressure to debt markets.

Fixed income accounts for just over a quarter of the fund’s assets, with approximately 70% of its bond portfolio invested in government debt and the remainder in corporate securities.

“The fund’s return was close to flat, ending slightly negative as rising interest rates led to weaker results on our fixed-income investments,” said NBIM deputy CEO Trond Grande.

The losses come as NBIM reassesses its sovereign debt exposure. In September, the fund outlined plans to reduce its US Treasury holdings as part of a broader shift away from government-issued bonds.

Equities, which represent approximately 72% of the portfolio, returned just 0.5% during the quarter, reflecting weaker global stock market performance following strong gains earlier in the year.

Performance varied significantly across sectors, with energy stocks benefiting from higher oil prices while interest-rate-sensitive sectors, including utilities and real estate, declined.

NBIM holds stakes in approximately 7,100 listed companies worldwide, representing around 1.5% of global listed equities. Its largest investments include a $65.4bn position in Nvidia, alongside substantial holdings in Apple, Alphabet and Microsoft.

Elsewhere, the fund’s unlisted real estate investments returned 0.4%, while renewable energy infrastructure delivered a 7.5% gain.

The third-quarter reversal follows a strong first half, when the fund generated a 12.95% return and nearly $185bn in investment gains.

NBIM chief executive Nicolai Tangen had previously cautioned that investors should not expect the exceptional equity market returns recorded during the first six months of 2026 to continue.